SLGP Header

An Efficient Energy Storage System Fed by Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Based Wind Energy Conversion System

IJCSEC Front Page

Abstract
Standalone operation of a wind turbine generating system under fluctuating wind and variable load conditions is a difficult task. Moreover, high reactive power demand makes it more challenging due to the limitation of reactive capability of the wind generating system. A Remote Area Power Supply (RAPS) system consisting of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG), hybrid energy storage, a dump load and a mains load is considered in this paper. The hybrid energy storage consists of battery storage and a super capacitor where both are connected to the DC bus of the RAPS system. An energy management algorithm (EMA) is proposed for the hybrid energy storage with a view to improve the performance of the battery storage. A synchronous condenser is employed to provide reactive power and inertial support to the RAPS system. A coordinated control approach is developed to manage the active and reactive power flow among the RAPS components. In this regard, individual controllers for each RAPS component have been developed for effective management of the RAPS components.
Keywords: RAPS(Remote Area Power Supply), EMA(Energy Management System), PMSG(Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator)
I.Introduction
The use of renewable energy increased greatly just after the first big oil crisis in the late seventies. At that time, economic issues were the most important factors, hence interest in such processes decreased when oil prices fell. The current resurgence of interest in the use of renewable energy is driven by the need to reduce the high environmental impact of fossil-based energy systems. Harvesting energy on a large scale is undoubtedly one of the main challenges of our time. Future energy sustainability depends heavily on how the renewable energy problem is addressed in the next few decades. Although in most power-generating systems, the main source of energy (the fuel) can be manipulated, this is not true for solar and wind energies. The main problems with these energy sources are cost and availability: wind and solar power are not always available where and when needed. Unlike conventional sources of electric power, these renewable sources are not “dispatch able”—the power output cannot be controlled. Daily and seasonal effects and limited predictability result in intermittent generation. Smart grids promise to facilitate the integration of renewable energy and will provide other benefits as well. Industry must overcome a number of technical issues to deliver renewable energy in significant quantities. Control is one of the key enabling technologies for the deployment of renewable energy systems. Solar and wind power require effective use of advanced control techniques. In addition, smart grids cannot be achieved without extensive use of control technologies at all levels. This research paper will concentrate on two forms of renewable energy respectively wind and solar, on the role of smart grids in addressing the problems associated with the efficient and reliable delivery and use of electricity and with the integration of renewable sources. Solar and wind power plants exhibit changing dynamics, nonlinearities, and uncertainties—challenges that require advanced control strategies to solve effectively. The use of more efficient control strategies would not only increase the performance of these systems, but would increase the number of operational hours of solar and wind plants and thus reduce the cost per kilowatt-hour (KWh) produced. The electrical energy can be generated by wind energy by utilizing the kinetic energy of wind. The wind energy which is an indirect source of energy can be used to run a wind mill which in turn drives a generator to produce electricity. Understanding the your location is critical to understanding the potential for using wind energy. With many thousands of wind turbines in operation, the total worldwide installed capacity is currently about 160 GW. According to the World Wind Energy Association, the net growth rate is expected to be more than 21% per year. The top five countries, the United States, Germany, Spain, China, and India, currently share about 73% of the world capacity.

References:

  1. [1] F.Liu,J.Liu, and L.Zhou,“A novel control strategy for hybrid energy storage system to relieve battery stress,” in Proc. Int. Symp. Power Electron. Distrib. Gener. Syst. (PEDG), Hefei, China, Jun. 16–18, 2010, pp. 929–934.
  2. A.Ter-Gazarian, Energy Storage for Power Systems. London,U.K.: Peter Peregrinus, 1994, pp. 36–36.[3] C. Abbey and G. Joos, “Short-term energy storage for wind energy applications,”inProc.Ind.Appl.Soc.Annu.Meet.,HongKong,China, Oct. 2–6, 2005, vol. 3, pp. 2035–2042.
  3. L. Wei and G. Joos, “A power electronic interface for a battery super- capacitor hybrid energy storage system for wind applications,”in Proc. PowerElectron. Specialists Conf., Rhodes,Greece,Jun.15–19,2008, pp. 1762–1768.
  4. L.Wei,G.Joos,andJ.Bélanger,“Real-times imulation of a wind turbine generator coupled with a battery supercapacitor energy storage system,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 75, no. 4, pp. 1137–1145, Apr. 2010.
  5. M. E. Haque, M. Negnevitsky, and K. M. Muttaqi, “A novel control strategy for a variablespeed wind turbine with a permanent-magnet synchronous generator, ”IEEE Trans. Ind.Appl.,vol.46,pp.331–339, Nov. 2009.
  6. M. Singh and A. Chandra, “Control of PMSG based variable-speed wind-battery hybrid system in an isolated network,” in Proc. Power Energy Soc. Gen. Meet. (PESGM), Calgary, AB, Canada, Jul. 26–30, 2009, pp. 1–6.
  7. H. Jia, Y. Fu, Y. Zhang, and W. He, “A design of hybrid energy storage control system for wind farms based on flow battery and electric double-layer capacitor,” in Proc. Asia-Pacific Power Energy Eng.Conf.(APPEEC),Chengdu,China,Mar.28–31,2010,pp.1–6.
  8. Y.Zhang,Z.Jiang,andX.Yu,“Controlstrategiesforbattery/superca- pacitor hybrid energy source systems,” in Proc. IEEE on Global Sus- tain.EnergyInfrastructure,Atlanta,GA,USA,Nov.17– 18,2008,pp. 1–6.
  9. M. Choi, S. Kim, and S. Seo, “Energy management optimization in a battery/supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 3, pp. 463–472, Feb. 2012.